7.
阅读理解
There is an old saying in English,
"Laughter is the best medicine".
Until recently, few people took the saying very seriously. Now however,
doctors have begun to study laughter and the effects(作用) it has on the human body. They have found evidence that laughter really
can improve people's health.
Tests were carried out to study the effects
of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their
heart rate, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter
has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the
heart rate and the rate of breathing. It also works several groups of muscles
in the face, the stomach and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it
must be helpful.
Other
tests have shown that laughter appears to make the effect of pain on the body
less. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who
listened to different radio programs. The group which could bear the pain for
the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program. The reason
why laughter can make pain less seems to be that it helps to produce
endorphins( 内啡肽) in the brain. These are natural
chemicals which make both stress and pain less.
There is also some evidence to suggest that
laughter helps the body's immune system that is the system which fights
infection(感染). In an experiment, one group of students
watched a funny video while another group served as the control group--in other
words, a group with which to compare the first group. Doctors checked the blood
of the students in both groups and found that the people in the group that
watched the video had an increase in the activity of their white blood cells
that is the cells which fight infection.
As a result of these discoveries, some
doctors and psychiatrists(精神病学) in the United
States now hold laughter clinics, in which they try to improve their patients'
condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their
patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to
produce good effects similar to those caused by laughter.