8.
阅读理解
The
end of the year is drawing near, and winter is in full swing. The season brings
along with it strong winds and snow — an environment that's never comfortable
to be in.
This
unpleasant and even frightening aspect of winter can often be seen in
literature. In Shakespeare's King Lear (1606), the king has given away his
kingdom and been rejected by his two ungrateful daughters. He is out in the
winter cold,suffering things that are usually reserved for the poorest and most
unfortunate human beings.
The
winter is bad enough for Lear,but being abandoned by his family is worse. A song from another
Shakespeare play, As You Like It(1599), is fitting for this poor old man's
situation: "Blow, blow, thou winter wind/Thou art not so unkind /As ma's ingratitude
(忘恩负义)". Here, winter is used to bring out the
ugliness of inhumanity (无人性). There aren't many things
that are worse than winter, according to Shakespeare.
Once
winter became less of a threat to human beings, literary works featuring it became
more positive. Since Charles Dickens, the representation of the season in
literature has often featured happy Christmas celebrations.
The
cold of the winter weather provides a contrast to the fun going on indoors.
Dickens'
A Christmas Carol (1843) was the start of this, but Christmas is still a
common, cheery element (元素)in stories that feature winter scenes today. Consider the joy felt
by Harry Potter and his friends in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter and the
Philosopher's Stone (1997) as they sit down for their festive meal:
"Harry
had never in all his life had such a Christmas dinner. A hundred fat,roast turkeys;
mountains of roast and boiled potatoes; platters of chipolatas; tureens of
buttered peas, silver boats of thick, rich gravy and cranberry sauce".
It is
almost as much a pleasure to read about the meal as it might have been to eat
it.
Although
winter still isn't the most cheerful season in novels and poems, it's safe to
say that writers have certainly "warmed up" since Shakespeare's days.